UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS – 28th May 2025
India’s fifth-gen fighter AMCA
Why in News?
India has approved a competitive execution model for its fifth-generation fighter jet project, the Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA), marking a key step towards defence indigenisation.
Introduction
- In a significant step towards bolstering India’s indigenous defence capabilities and achieving self-reliance in aerospace technology, Defence Minister Rajnath Singh has approved the execution model for the Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA) programme.
- This landmark decision marks a new chapter in India’s defence manufacturing landscape, introducing competition among Indian defence firms and offering a level playing field to both public and private players.
Background of AMCA
- The AMCA is envisioned as India’s first indigenously designed fifth-generation fighter aircraft, spearheaded by the Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA) under the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO).
- The aircraft aims to integrate cutting-edge stealth, supercruise, advanced avionics, and multirole combat capabilities.
In 2024, the Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) gave its approval for the design and development of the AMCA, marking a critical policy decision to enhance indigenous aerospace capabilities.
New Execution Model: A Shift from Past Practices
Traditionally, major defence projects were directly handed over to Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL). However, under the new execution model:
- HAL will have to compete for the manufacturing contract.
- Private players and public sector units can bid independently or form joint ventures/consortia.
- Bidders must be Indian-registered companies complying with domestic laws.
- ADA will issue an Expression of Interest (EoI) for the development phase soon.
This approach aligns with the broader vision of Atmanirbhar Bharat (Self-Reliant India) and aims to foster a robust domestic defence industrial ecosystem.
Key Features of AMCA
Feature | Specification |
Class | Fifth-generation stealth multirole fighter |
Weight | 25 tonnes |
Engine | Twin-engine design; Mk1: GE-414 (90kN), Mk2: Indigenous 110kN engine under development |
Stealth | Advanced stealth technologies with low electromagnetic signature |
Armament | Internal weapons bay for indigenous and advanced missiles |
Range | Enhanced range due to a 6.5-tonne internal fuel tank |
Timeline | First flight expected within 5 years; full development in 10 years |
Cost Estimate | ₹15,000 crore |
Prototypes | 5 to be developed before serial production |
Strategic Importance
- Geopolitical Relevance:
- Comes in the wake of Operation Sindoor, showcasing IAF’s combat readiness.
- Pakistan is acquiring the Chinese J-35A, while China is advancing with sixth-gen fighters (J-36, J-50).
- Global Positioning:
- On successful completion, India will join an elite group of nations with fifth-generation fighter aircraft capabilities—USA (F-22, F-35), China (J-20), Russia (Su-57).
- Industrial Ecosystem:
- The project aims to leverage and enhance indigenous expertise in aerospace design and manufacturing.
- Encourages greater public-private collaboration in high-technology defence sectors.
Conclusion
- The approval of the AMCA execution model marks a transformative moment for India’s defence sector.
- By moving away from monopoly production and embracing competitive, transparent, and collaborative development, India is taking concrete steps towards aerospace self-reliance.
- If successful, AMCA will not only enhance the combat prowess of the Indian Air Force but also position India as a credible player in the global aerospace domain.
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India has approved a competitive execution model for its fifth-generation fighter jet project, the Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA), marking a key step towards defence indigenisation.
