UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS – 28th March 2025
Mathematician Masaki Kashiwara awarded Abel Prize 2024
Why in News?
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About the Abel Prize
- Established in 2002 by the Norwegian Parliament to honour pioneering achievements in mathematics.
- Named after Norwegian mathematician Niels Henrik Abel (1802-1829).
- First awarded in 2003, often considered the Nobel Prize equivalent in mathematics.
- Includes a monetary reward of 7.5 million Norwegian kroner (approx. $720,000) and a glass plaque designed by Henrik Haugan.
- Administered by the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, with winners selected by an expert committee advised by the International Mathematical Union (IMU) and the European Mathematical Society (EMS).
Legacy of Niels Henrik Abel
- Best known for proving the impossibility of solving the general quintic equation in radicals, an open problem for over 250 years.
- Made groundbreaking contributions to elliptic functions and introduced the concept of Abelian functions.
- Worked under extreme poverty and died of tuberculosis at the age of 26.
- His work was so influential that French mathematician Charles Hermite remarked, “Abel has left mathematicians enough to keep them busy for five hundred years.”
Masaki Kashiwara’s Contributions
- Recognized for reshaping and enriching the fields of representation theory and algebraic analysis.
- Developed the theory of D-modules, which provides a bridge between differential equations and algebraic geometry.
- Discovered crystal bases, simplifying complex mathematical calculations by replacing them with graphical representations of vertices and connections.
- His research has helped solve longstanding mathematical challenges and opened new avenues for interdisciplinary study.
Significance of the Award
- Kashiwara’s recognition underscores the global impact of mathematical research, highlighting its role in advancing pure and applied sciences.
- The Abel Prize continues to celebrate mathematicians who pioneer fundamental theories, further strengthening the legacy of Niels Henrik Abel in modern mathematics.
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