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UPSC CURRENT AFFAIRS – 15 March 2025

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World's First Supersolid Created from Light

Introduction:

  • Scientists have achieved a groundbreaking discovery by creating the world’s first supersolid using light.
  • A supersolid is a unique state of matter that exhibits both solid-like and superfluid-like properties simultaneously.
  • This discovery opens new avenues for research in quantum physics and material science.

Why in News:

  • The creation of a supersolid from light is a significant milestone in physics, as it demonstrates the possibility of achieving exotic states of matter under controlled conditions.
  • The topic is relevant for UPSC aspirants as it touches upon quantum mechanics, material science, and scientific innovations, making it important for GS Paper 3 (Science and Technology).

What is a Supersolid?

  • Definition:
    • A supersolid is a state of matter that combines the crystalline structure of a solid with the frictionless flow of a superfluid.
    • It exhibits rigidity (like a solid) and zero viscosity (like a superfluid) at the same time.
  • Properties:
    • Superfluidity: The ability to flow without friction or viscosity.
    • Crystalline Order: A rigid, repeating structure typical of solids.

The Experiment: Creating a Supersolid from Light

  • Methodology:
    • Scientists used ultracold atoms and laser light to create a supersolid state.
    • The atoms were cooled to near absolute zero and trapped in an optical lattice created by intersecting laser beams.
  • Key Observations:
    • The atoms arranged themselves in a crystalline structure while simultaneously exhibiting superfluid behavior.
    • This dual behavior confirmed the creation of a supersolid.

Significance of the Discovery:

  • Advancement in Quantum Physics:
    • The discovery provides new insights into quantum states of matter and their properties.
    • It validates theoretical predictions about supersolids, which were first proposed in the 1960s.
  • Potential Applications:
    • Quantum Computing: Supersolids could be used to develop more efficient quantum computers.
    • Material Science: The discovery could lead to the development of new materials with unique properties.
    • Energy Efficiency: Superfluids have potential applications in energy transmission and storage.
  • Scientific Collaboration:
    • The experiment involved collaboration between theoretical physicists and experimental scientists, highlighting the importance of interdisciplinary research.

Conclusion:

  • The creation of the world’s first supersolid from light is a landmark achievement in physics, demonstrating the potential of quantum research to unlock new states of matter.
  • This discovery not only advances our understanding of quantum mechanics but also opens up possibilities for technological innovations in fields like quantum computing and material science.

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